Year: 2004
Type: dissertation
Abstract: children's cognition are related.Bias-related issues in assessing cognition and in assessing characteristics of a child's home environment play an important role in studying this relation.Taking into account bias, I shed light on the link between the concepts of culture and cognition from three angles.The first focuses on detecting and reducing bias in cognitive tests to obtain a better understanding of the relation between these concepts.Is a cognitive test suitable outside of the context in which it was originally developed?How do we know if a test is biased? CultureWhat is culture?Numerous definitions of "culture" have been reported, illustrating the difficulty of capturing the term's meaning (Berry, Poortinga, Segall, & Dasen, 2002;Segall, Dasen, Berry, & Poortinga, 1999).Tylor (1871) was the first to provide a definition from an anthropological perspective: "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society" (p. 1).Based on their review of definitions of culture, Kroebner and Kluckhohn (1963) arrived at the following definition:Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiments of artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i.e., historically derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values; culture systems Poortinga, 2005;Van de Vijver & Tanzer, 2004). Construct bias, method bias, and item biasAn instrument that shows construct bias in a cross-cultural comparison does not measure the same psychological concept across cultures.The earlier described problems with the definition of intelligence form a good example.Method bias refers to sources of bias that arise from methodological aspects of a study.There are different types of method bias, two of which are relevant for the studies addressed here.The first is instrument bias, which occurs when (cultural) groups show differential familiarity with stimulus materials (e.g., geometric shapes) or response procedures and styles (e.g., multiple choice response format).The second
Author: Maike Malda
Language: English
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W132391920