Year: 2010
Type: article
Abstract: To understand the impact of earthquake experience and education on awareness, a survey was conducted with 1,065 high school first grade students from five prefectures of Japan. Results showed that earthquake experience is not the prime factor to enhance awareness. Education, when it is confined to school education, can provide useful information as the knowledge base for earthquake. However, in the gradual path of knowing, realizing, deepening, decision and action, family, community, and self education are found to be more prominent. While, self education is important for realizing and deepening, family and community education play the most vital role for decision and actions. In school education, more active ways of disaster education through conversation, experiencing, and visual aids are found to be more effective. It is believed that school education, coupled with self, family and community education can help a student to develop a ―culture of disaster preparedness‘‘, which, in turn, will urge them to take right decisions and actions as an adult. Whitehead, J.C., Edwards, B., Van Willigen, M., Maiolo, J.R., Wilson, K, and Smith, K.T. 2001. Heading for higher ground: factors affecting real and hypothetical hurricane evacuation behavior, Environmental Hazards, 2:133-142. G. Family, Kin, Household Structure Asgary, A. and Willis, K.G. (1997). Household behavior in response to earthquake risk: An assessment of alternative theories. Disasters, 21(4): 354-365. Households respond to earthquake risk in different ways. The main theories explaining human behavior under the threat of earthquakes are reviewed. A survey of households‘ responses in Tehran and Rasht in Iran to earthquake risk is used to assess the validity of psychological, need‘, socio-cultural and economic theories in explaining behavior. More support of cognitive and culture theories are found rather than economic and need‘ theories of earthquake safety measures; this suggests that positive adoption of mitigation measures can be encouraged in terms of cognitive process through information and education. Lindell, M.K. and Perry, R.W. 2000. Household adjustment to earthquake hazard, a review of research. Environment and behavior, 32: 590-630. Abstract: Data from 23 studies confirm theoretical predictions that households‘ adoption of earthquake hazard adjustments is correlated with their perceptions of the hazard and alternative adjustments, demographic characteristics, and social influences. However, some findings require modification of existing theories of 51 hazard adjustment. Examination of the methods used in previous investigations underscores a need for better theories, more complete testing of existing theories, and improved data analytic and data reporting procedures in future tests of those theories. Wisner, B, 1998. Marginality and vulnerability: why the homeless of Tokyo don‘t count‘ in disaster preparations, Applied Geography, 18(1):25-53. Abstract: The philosophical and methodological bases of urban disaster vulnerability analyses are presently underdeveloped. Few such analyses incorporate social data, partly because urban disaster managers and other potential user groups do not fully appreciate the value of this information, and partly because techniques for including it in existing vulnerability analyses have not been worked out. This paper explores the value of adding data on social marginality to Japanese models of earthquake impact and of incorporating marginal groups into the disaster planning process. The growing phenomenon of homelessness in Tokyo is used as a test case. It is argued that data on homelessness would improve the performance of systems designed to increase personal and social protection, whereas the incorporation of marginal urban groups would tap new knowledge of coping mechanisms and enrich the entire planning process. H. Gender Gender: Gender is such a fundamental organizing principle in our social lives that it is taken as a fundamental given, and yet, even a cursory examination across cultures can clearly reveal the often dramatic consequences it can have for vulnerability, particularly for women in most societies. What is most disconcerting is that a critical analysis of gender as a fundamental element of social vulnerability often meets with considerable resistance. It is important to recognize that in the sense of disaster recovery at least, gender refers to the different societal roles that men and women play in terms of providing an analysis. Women are often doubly impacted by disaster especially if they are single working parents. These women are most apt to be responsible for children and care taking in general of the family. In terms of providing support and recovery, there is little doubt, though researched by a handful of sociologists, (Morrow and Enarson, E., 1996; Morrow, B. H., 1997; Phillips B., 1990, O‘Brien, P. and Atchison, P., 1998;) that women do the brunt of the caretaking both in the home as well as community in the event of a disaster. Whether it is as Red Cross volunteers, or as single parent victims of a disaster, women seem to have an incredible well of energy that can be tapped again and again. Women‘s insights have been critical to gaining understanding regarding the impacts on daily negotiation as well as long-term recovery. (1.) Ariyabandu, M. M., Platt, L., (2005). Paying Attention to Women‘s and Gender Issues in Responding to the Tsunami Crisis. Available at ITDG South Asia. Colombo. Sri Lanka. A basic why and how to for rehabilitation of an affected area focused on women‘s needs after a tsunami. A bulleted, yet concise, listing of suggested do‘s and don‘ts in the prethrough post-hazard scene to fully use women‘s capabilities and provide them with essentials for the taxing time when women will uphold the community. (4.) Bari, F. (1998). Gender, Disaster, and Empowerment: A Case Study from Pakistan. InEnarson, E. & Morrow, B.H. (Eds.), Stop Disaster 24 (13). 125-132. (4.) Bari, Sona. (1992). Women in the aftermath. In H. Hossain, et al. (eds.). Crisis to Development: Coping With Disasters in Bangladesh, (pp. 55-58). Dhaka: University Press Limited.
Language: English
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W1492422495