Year: 2012
Type: book-chapter
Abstract: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) can be defined as "an ecologically based pest control strategy that relies heavily on natural mortality factors and seeks out control tactics that disrupt these factors as little as possible" (Flint & Bosch, 1981).IPM began to be applied because the extensive use of chemical insecticides show different types of environmental damages, as development of resistant insects, the appearance of new pests, injury to bird and mammals populations and human health damage due to the release of toxic waste on environment and food contamination.The aims of IPM are to protect crops, with minimum cost and risk for humans, animals and ecosystems.The development and application of IPM requires the knowledge of how the ecosystem influences on pest insects and its natural control agents, and how to modify this environment to control particularly pest insects and avoid the related chemical agent's problems. Integrated pest management (general overview)IPM applies different tactics, like pest resistant plants, use of entomopathogens such as bacteria and viruses, and strategies that involves cultural, physical, mechanical, biological and chemical control.The use of these combined tactics reduces the chances of generating resistance and insect survival. Pest resistant plants (transgenesis using plant genes)Plants have a vast metabolic capability and produce many secondary chemicals which are toxic, anti-nutritional, or aversive to species might otherwise be potential predators (Norris & Kogan, 1980).Examples include the pyrethrins from chrysanthemums and alkaloids like nicotine from tobacco.Other compounds implicated in protection from insect attack include the terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phenolic, glucosinolates, cyanogenic glycosides, rotenoids, saponins and non protein amino acids (Gatehouse et al., 1991).As secondary compounds are the products of multi-enzyme pathways which involve the interaction of many gene products, such defense system are in most cases too complex to be used in plant www.intechopen.com
Source: InTech eBooks
DOI: 10.5772/32779
Authors: Vanina Andra, Mariano Nicols, Pablo Daniel
Institution: National University of Quilmes
Language: English
Subfield: Insect Science
Domain: Life Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W1506098676