Year: 2008
Type: other
Abstract: Palmeri & Nosofsky, 2001;Shin & Nosofsky, 1992) and, whenever direct comparisons between the two were considered, they tended to account for human performance almost as well (e.g.Maddox & Ashby, 1993, 1998;McKinley & Nosofsky, 1995, 1996;Rouder & Ratcliff, 2004).Recently, with the advent of cognitive neuroscience, there has been an attempt to formulate category learning in terms of the brain areas involved and their respective roles.Multiple neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have identified a number brain areas, some of which seem relevant for only specific types of categories.For example, patients with Beyond the exemplar theory: the need for multiple systemsThe exemplar theory presumes that a vast amount of information about category exemplars is stored in memory and used to make classification decisions.Despite its widespread success, the large memory demand still remains a potential problem for its plausibility.Recently, an alternative view has been proposed, by which category learning is achieved through one explicit system and one implicit system (e.g.Ashby et al., 1998;Erickson & Kruschke, 1998; Nosofsky, Palmeri, & McKinley, 1994).The former acts much in the spirit of the classical theory, by attempting a solution through the formulation, testing, and revision of alternative rules that can be easily verbalized.The latter, either relies on exemplar storage (Erickson & Kruschke, 1998; Nosofsky, Palmeri, et al., 1994) or on the discovery of the boundaries of regions in the psychological space associated with a category (Ashby et al., 1998).In general, subjects are assumed to rely more on the explicit system early in learning.However, if the The neuropsychological data summarized here suggests that different brain areas are important in category learning, namely, the prefrontal cortex, the basal ganglia, and the medial temporal lobe.Whether this justifies a multiple system theory of category learning is an issue far from resolved.Most of the findings on amnesic patients presented above have been shown to be reproducible by exemplar models (e.g.Nosofsky & Zaki, 1998;Zaki & Nosofsky, 2001;Zaki et al., 2003).The underlying idea is that amnesic patients are not able
Author: Pedro M. Rodrigues
Language: English
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W1532173667