Year: 2004
Type: preprint
Abstract: DNA is organized and packaged in the eukaryotic nucleus via association with octamers of the core histoneproteins, comprising two H2A/H2B dimers bound to atetramer of H3/H4. The nucleosome core is formed when146 base pairs of DNA are wrapped approximately twicearound this histone cylinder (Luger 2003). Alterations ofthe repeating nucleosome structure occur during DNAtransactions that include transcription, DNA repair, heterochromatic silencing, and large-scale changes in chromosome compaction during mitosis/apoptosis. The majornucleosome changes are posttranslational covalent modifications of constituent histones and remodeling of thenucleosome. Remodeling encompasses altered nucleosome position and composition, as well as disruption(Flaus and Owen-Hughes 2004). Histone modificationsthat regulate DNA-based processes include acetylation,phosphorylation, and methylation (Berger 2002). In addition to these relatively small covalent modifications, histones are also modified by much larger ubiquitin (ub) andthe related sumo polypeptides (for review, see Jason et al.2002; Nathan et al. 2003; Zhang 2003)...
Authors: N.C.T. EMRE, S.L. BERGER
Institution: The Wistar Institute
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W1557500293