Year: 2012
Type: book-chapter
Abstract: inadequate social skills [10].Clinical heterogeneity of autism showed three major categories: idiopathic autism, autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and syndromatic autistics that usually resulted from an identified syndrome with known genetic etiology.Traditionally, ASD includes autism, Asperger syndrome, where language appears normal, Rett syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), in which children meet some but not all criteria for autism.Rett syndrome (RTT), occurring almost exclusively in females, is characterized by developmental arrest between 5 and 18 months of age, followed by regression of acquired skills, loss of speech, stereotypic movements (classically of the hands), microcephaly, seizures, and intellectual difficulties.These disorders share deficits in social communication and show variability in language and repetitive behavior domains [1].Autistic individuals may have symptoms that are independent of the diagnosis.Mental retardation is present in approximately 75% of cases of autism, seizures in 15 to 30% of cases, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in 59-75% of cases, schizophrenia (SZ) in 5% of cases, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in about 60% of cases and electroencephalographic abnormalities in 20 to 50% of cases [11].In addition, approximately 15 to 37% of cases of autism have a comorbid medical condition such as epilepsy, sensory abnormalities, motor abnormalities, sleep disturbances, and gastrointestinal symptoms.Five to 14% of cases had a known genetic disorder or chromosomal anomaly.The 4 most common conditions associated with autistic phenotypes are fragile X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, 15q duplications, and untreated phenylketonuria.Other conditions associated with autistic phenotypes include Angelman syndrome, Cowden disease, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, cortical dysplasia-focal epilepsy (CDFE) syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, and X-linked mental retardation.
Source: InTech eBooks
DOI: 10.5772/48700
Authors: Yu Wang, Nanbert Zhong
Language: English
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W1570847935