GM-CSF Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth and Metastases in Mice and Induces Hypoxia in the Tumor Proper
Year: 2007
Type: article
Abstract: Malignant cancers require the cooperation of otherwise normal cells that surround and invade tumors in order to grow and spread. Tumors must not only evade the host defense, but also maintain a sufficient blood supply to support rapid growth and navigate a complex series of cellcell interactions required to undergo successful metastasis (Hanahan, D. and Weinberg, R. A., 2000). This requires that tumors find ways to exploit normal host cells, causing them to adopt behaviors which permit and even promote malignant transformation. Different tumor types face different obstacles they must overcome to become malignant. These challenges arise from the nature of the cells themselves and the tissues in which they reside. Diversity exists both in the native characteristics of the tumor cells themselves and in the mechanisms they employ to overcome these barriers to malignancy. Some tumors routinely downregulate immune surveillance molecules so that they may avoid attacks by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells (Watson, N. F. et al., 2006; Tsuruma, T. et al., 1999). Others secrete high levels of factors which stimulate blood vessel growth (Demirkesen, C. et al., 2006). Others downregulate molecules which maintain interactions with other cells (Oka, H. et al.,
Author: Ryan D. Roberts
Language: English
Topic: Immune cells in cancer
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W1585081997