Studies on Genetic Aberrations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Year: 2011
Type: dissertation
Abstract: Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cellular components. In mammalian embryonic \\ndevelopment, the yolk sac and its vasculature are the source of the first blood cells called \\nhematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from which all blood cells originate. HSCs are produced by \\nthe aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, yolk sac and placenta from where they migrate to the \\nfetal liver, where they expand. Hereafter, HSCs transfer to the bone marrow from where they \\nestablish the definitive adult hematopoiesis and reside throughout adulthood. \\nHSCs are responsible for foundation of the adult blood differentiation hierarchy and \\nprovide continuous hematopoietic cell production. The major characteristic of HSCs is their \\nself-renewal capacity, i.e., they proliferate to give rise to all different types of blood cells, \\nbut the pool of stem cells does not become depleted . HSCs are pluripotent. They generate \\nmore committed progenitor cells or other stem cells, i.e., common myeloid and lymphoid \\nprogenitor cells (CMPs and CLPs respectively) which differentiate and give rise to the progeny \\nbelonging to these two lineages of blood cells. While the lymphoid progenitor cells \\ngenerate B- and T cells as well as natural killer cells, the myeloid progenitor cells produce the \\nother leukocytes, i.e. granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages, as well as red blood cells \\n(erythrocytes) and platelets (Figure 1). \\nThe life span of mature blood cells is relatively short and cell production process is \\ncontinuous, therefore it demands tight regulation by hematopoietic growth factors. The \\nhematopoietic growth factors are a family of cytokines that interact with specific receptors \\non hematopoietic cells. These molecules like stem cell factor (SCF) or KIT ligand (KIT-L), \\ngranulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), granulocyte CSF (G-CSF), and macrophage CSF \\n(M-CSF), regulate the functional activation of the specific cells with which they interact. \\nHematopoietic growth factors are required for the survival, proliferation, and differentiation \\nof hematopoietic progenitors.
Author: Saman Abbas
Language: English
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W1780464291