Work

Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation

Year: 2015

Type: review

Abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is widely used for the treatment of movement disorders including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia and, to a lesser extent, certain treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Rather than a single unifying mechanism, DBS likely acts via several, nonexclusive mechanisms including local and network-wide electrical and neurochemical effects of stimulation, modulation of oscillatory activity, synaptic plasticity, and, potentially, neuroprotection and neurogenesis. These different mechanisms vary in importance depending on the condition being treated and the target being stimulated. Here we review each of these in turn and illustrate how an understanding of these mechanisms is inspiring next-generation approaches to DBS.

Source: Journal of Neurophysiology

DOI: 10.1152/jn.00281.2015

Authors: Todd M. Herrington, Jennifer J. Cheng, Emad N. Eskandar

Institutions: Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Hospital

Language: English

Topic: Neurological disorders and treatments

Subfield: Neurology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: green

Funders: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke