Limited Clinical Utility of a Genetic Risk Score for the Prediction of Fracture Risk in Elderly Subjects
Year: 2014
Type: article
Abstract: It is important to identify the patients at highest risk of fractures. A recent large-scale meta-analysis identified 63 autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with bone mineral density (BMD), of which 16 were also associated with fracture risk. Based on these findings, two genetic risk scores (GRS63 and GRS16) were developed. Our aim was to determine the clinical usefulness of these GRSs for the prediction of BMD, BMD change, and fracture risk in elderly subjects. We studied two male (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study [MrOS] US, MrOS Sweden) and one female (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures [SOF]) large prospective cohorts of older subjects, looking at BMD, BMD change, and radiographically and/or medically confirmed incident fractures (8067 subjects, 2185 incident nonvertebral or vertebral fractures). GRS63 was associated with BMD (≅3% of the variation explained) but not with BMD change. Both GRS63 and GRS16 were associated with fractures. After BMD adjustment, the effect sizes for these associations were substantially reduced. Similar results were found using an unweighted GRS63 and an unweighted GRS16 compared with those found using the corresponding weighted risk scores. Only minor improvements in C-statistics (AUC) for fractures were found when the GRSs were added to a base model (age, weight, and height), and no significant improvements in C-statistics were found when they were added to a model further adjusted for BMD. Net reclassification improvements with the addition of the GRSs to a base model were modest and substantially attenuated in BMD-adjusted models. GRS63 is associated with BMD, but not BMD change, suggesting that the genetic determinants of BMD differ from those of BMD change. When BMD is known, the clinical utility of the two GRSs for fracture prediction is limited in elderly subjects.
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2314
Authors: Joel Eriksson, Daniel S Evans, Carrie M Nielson, Jian Shen, Priya Srikanth, Marc Hochberg, Shannon McWeeney, Peggy M Cawthon, Beth Wilmot, Joseph Zmuda, Greg Tranah, Daniel B Mirel, Sashi Challa, Michael Mooney, Andrew Crenshaw, Magnus Karlsson, Dan Mellström, Liesbeth Vandenput, Eric Orwoll, Claes Ohlsson
Language: English
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) - Minneapolis, G1493513681, Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, Osteoporatic Fractures in Men (MrOS), G2148971391, G3259611447, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (Mr. Os) Palo Alto, G3682927731, GWAS in MrOS and SOF, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) - Administrative Center, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF)-Pittsburgh Clinic, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (Mr.OS), Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) - San Francisco Coordinating Center, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) - Portland, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men_MrOS Renewal_Birmingham, Mineralization Gene Variants: Biochemical Implications and Associations with BMD, G8492638969, 4 of 4: Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF), G8998852873
OpenAlex ID: W1895445569