Year: 2015
Type: dissertation
Abstract: In humans the few months surrounding birth comprise a developmentally critical period characterised by the growth of major neuronal networks as well as their initial tuning towards more functionally mature large-scale constellations. Proper wiring in the neonatal brain, especially during the last trimester of pregnancy and the first weeks of postnatal life, relies on the brain’s endogenous activity and remains critical throughout one’s life. Structural or functional abnormalities at the stage of early network formation may result in a neurological disorder later during maturation. Functional connectivity measures based on an infant electroencephalographic (EEG) time series may be used to monitor these processes. A neonatal EEG is temporally discrete and consists of events (e.g., spontaneous activity transients (SATs)) and the intervals between them (inter-SATs). During early maturation, communication between areas of the brain may be transmitted through two distinct mechanisms: synchronisation between neuronal oscillations and event co-occurrences. In this study, we proposed a novel algorithm capable of assessing the coupling on both of these levels. Our analysis of real data from preterm neonates using the proposed algorithm demonstrated its ability to effectively detect functional connectivity disruptions caused by brain lesions. Our results also suggest that SAT synchronisation represents the dominant means through which inter-areal cooperation occurs in an immature brain. Structural disturbances of the neuronal pathways in the brain carry a frequency selective effect on the functional connectivity decreasing at the event level. Next, we used mathematical models and computational simulations combined with real EEG data to analyse the propagation of electrical neuronal activity within the neonatal head. Our results show that the conductivity of the neonatal skull is much higher than that found in adults. This leads to greater focal spread of cortical signals towards the scalp and requires high-density electrode meshes for quality monitoring of neonatal brain activity. Additionally, we show that the specific structure of the neonatal skull fontanel does not represent a special pathway for the spread of electrical activity because of the overall high conductivity of the skull. Finally, we demonstrated that the choice of EEG recording montage may strongly affect the fidelity of non-redundant neuronal information registration as well as the output of functional connectivity analysis. Our simulations suggest that high-density EEG electrode arrays combined with mathematical transformations, such as the global average or current source density (CSD), provide more spatially accurate details about the underlying cortical activity and may yield results more robust against volume conduction effects. Furthermore, we provide clear instruction regarding how to optimise recording montages for different numbers of sensors.
Source: Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Author: Anton Tokariev
Language: English
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W1951929669