Direct Evidence for Neutrino Flavor Transformation from Neutral-Current Interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
Year: 2002
Type: article
Abstract: Observations of neutral-current $\ensuremath{\nu}$ interactions on deuterium in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are reported. Using the neutral current (NC), elastic scattering, and charged current reactions and assuming the standard ${}^{8}\mathrm{B}$ shape, the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ component of the ${}^{8}\mathrm{B}$ solar flux is ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{e}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1.76}_{\ensuremath{-}0.05}^{+0.05}(\mathrm{stat}{)}_{\ensuremath{-}0.09}^{+0.09}(\mathrm{syst})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for a kinetic energy threshold of 5 MeV. The non- ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ component is ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\tau}}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}3.41}_{\ensuremath{-}0.45}^{+0.45}(\mathrm{stat}{)}_{\ensuremath{-}0.45}^{+0.48}(\mathrm{syst})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $5.3\ensuremath{\sigma}$ greater than zero, providing strong evidence for solar ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ flavor transformation. The total flux measured with the NC reaction is ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{\mathrm{NC}}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}5.09}_{\ensuremath{-}0.43}^{+0.44}(\mathrm{stat}{)}_{\ensuremath{-}0.43}^{+0.46}(\mathrm{syst})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, consistent with solar models.
Source: Physical Review Letters
Authors: Q. R. Ahmad, R. C. Allen, T. C. Andersen, J. D.Anglin, J. C. Barton, E. W. Beier, M. Bercovitch, J. Bigu, S. D. Biller, R. A. Black, I. Blevis, R. J. Boardman, J. Boger, E. Bonvin, M. G. Boulay, M. G. Bowler, T. J. Bowles, S. J. Brice, M. C. Browne, T. V. Bullard, G. Bühler, J. Cameron, Y. D. Chan, H. H. Chen, M. Chen, X. Chen, B. T. Cleveland, E. T. H. Clifford, J. H. M. Cowan, D. F. Cowen, G. A. Cox, X. Dai, F. Dalnoki-Veress, W. F. Davidson, P. J. Doe, G. Doucas, M. R. Dragowsky, C. A. Duba, F. A. Duncan, M. Dunford, J. A. Dunmore, E. D. Earle, S. R. Elliott, H. C. Evans, G. T. Ewan, J. Farine, H. Fergani, A. P. Ferraris, R. J. Ford, J. A. Formaggio, M. M. Fowler, K. Frame, E. D. Frank, W. Frati, N. Gagnon, J. V. Germani, S. Gil, K. Graham, D. R. Grant, R. L. Hahn, A. L. Hallin, E. D. Hallman, A. S. Hamer, A. A. Hamian, W. B. Handler, R. U. Haq, C. K. Hargrove, P. J. Harvey, R. Hazama, K. M. Heeger, W. J. Heintzelman, J. Heise, R. L. Helmer, J. D. Hepburn, H. Heron, J. Hewett, A. Hime, M. Howe, J. G. Hykawy, M. C. P. Isaac, P. Jagam, N. A. Jelley, C. Jillings, G. Jonkmans, K. Kazkaz, P. T. Keener, J. R. Klein, A. B. Knox, R. J. Komar, R. Kouzes, T. Kutter, C. C. M. Kyba, J. Law, I. T. Lawson, M. Lay, H. W. Lee, K. T. Lesko, J. R. Leslie, I. Levine, W. Locke, S. Luoma, J. Lyon, S. Majerus, H. B. Mak, J. Maneira, J. Manor, A. D. Marino, N. McCauley, A. B. McDonald, D. S. McDonald, K. McFarlane, G. McGregor, R. Meijer Drees, C. Mifflin, G. G. Miller, G. Milton, B. A. Moffat, M. Moorhead, C. W. Nally, M. S. Neubauer, F. M. Newcomer, H. S. Ng, A. J. Noble, E. B. Norman, V. M. Novikov, M. O'Neill, C. E. Okada, R. W. Ollerhead, M. Omori, J. L. Orrell, S. M. Oser, A. W. P. Poon, T. J. Radcliffe, A. Roberge, B. C. Robertson, R. G. H. Robertson, S. S. E. Rosendahl, J. K. Rowley, V. L. Rusu, E. Saettler, K. K. Schaffer, M. H. Schwendener, A. Schülke, H. Seifert, M. Shatkay, J. J. Simpson, C. J. Sims, D. Sinclair, P. Skensved, A. R. Smith, M. W. E. Smith, T. Spreitzer, N. Starinsky, T. D. Steiger, R. G. Stokstad, L. C. Stonehill, R. S. Storey, B. Sur, R. Tafirout, N. Tagg, N. W. Tanner, R. K. Taplin, M. Thorman, P. M. Thornewell, P. T. Trent, Y. I. Tserkovnyak, R. Van Berg, R. G. Van de Water, C. J. Virtue, C. E. Waltham, J.-X. Wang, D. L. Wark, N. West, J. B. Wilhelmy, J. F. Wilkerson, J. R. Wilson, P. Wittich, J. M. Wouters, M. Yeh
Institutions: University of Washington, University of California, Irvine, University of Guelph, National Research Council Canada, University of Oxford, University of Pennsylvania, Laurentian University, Carleton University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Queen's University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Atomic Energy (Canada), University of British Columbia, TRIUMF, Princeton University, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Language: English
Topic: Neutrino Physics Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W1983987483