Smoking and the risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Year: 2012
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Smoking is not associated with prostate cancer incidence in most studies, but associations between smoking and fatal prostate cancer have been reported. METHODS: During 1992 and 2000, lifestyle information was assessed via questionnaires and personal interview in a cohort of 145,112 European men. Until 2009, 4623 incident cases of prostate cancer were identified, including 1517 cases of low-grade, 396 cases of high grade, 1516 cases of localised, 808 cases of advanced disease, and 432 fatal cases. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of smoking status, smoking intensity, and smoking duration with the risk of incident and fatal prostate cancer. RESULTS: Compared with never smokers, current smokers had a reduced risk of prostate cancer (RR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.97), which was statistically significant for localised and low-grade disease, but not for advanced or high-grade disease. In contrast, heavy smokers (25+ cigarettes per day) and men who had smoked for a long time (40+ years) had a higher risk of prostate cancer death (RR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.11-2.93; RR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.01-1.87, respectively). CONCLUSION: The observation of an increased prostate cancer mortality among heavy smokers confirms the results of previous prospective studies.
Source: British Journal of Cancer
DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.520
Authors: S Rohrmann, J Linseisen, N Allen, H B Bueno-de-Mesquita, N F Johnsen, A Tjønneland, K Overvad, R Kaaks, B Teucher, H Boeing, T Pischon, P Lagiou, A Trichopoulou, D Trichopoulos, D Palli, Vittorio Krogh, R Tumino, F Ricceri, M V Argüelles Suárez, A Agudo, M-J Sánchez, M-D Chirlaque, A Barricarte, N Larrañaga, H Boshuizen, H J van Kranen, P Stattin, M Johansson, A Bjartell, D Ulmert, K-T Khaw, N J Wareham, Pietro Ferrari, I Romieux, M J R Gunter, Elio Riboli, T J Key
Institutions: University of Zurich, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Helmholtz Munich, University of Oxford, University Medical Center Utrecht, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Danish Cancer Society, Aarhus University, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Max Delbrück Center, Harvard University, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Academy of Athens, Hellenic Health Foundation, Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Azienda Usl 8 Arezzo, Italian institute for Genomic Medicine, Gobierno del Principado de Asturias, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Andalusian School of Public Health, Basque Government, Wageningen University & Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Umeå University, Centre international de recherche sur le cancer, Skåne University Hospital, University of Cambridge, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Medical Research Council, Imperial College London
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $5,190
Funders: Compagnia di San Paolo, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK, National Institute for Health and Care Research, British Heart Foundation, European Commission, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Cancerfonden, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Deutsche Krebshilfe, Medical Research Council, World Cancer Research Fund, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
OpenAlex ID: W1992501083