Year: 2013
Type: article
Abstract: Antibiotic use in humans has been associated with outgrowth of fungi. Here we used a murine model to investigate the gut microbiome over 76 days of treatment with vancomycin, ampicillin, neomycin, and metronidazole and subsequent recovery. Mouse stool was studied as a surrogate for the microbiota of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The abundance of fungi and bacteria was measured using quantitative PCR, and the proportional composition of the communities quantified using 454/Roche pyrosequencing of rRNA gene tags. Prior to treatment, bacteria outnumbered fungi by >3 orders of magnitude. Upon antibiotic treatment, bacteria dropped in abundance >3 orders of magnitude, so that the predominant 16S sequences detected became transients derived from food. Upon cessation of treatment, bacterial communities mostly returned to their previous numbers and types after 8 weeks, though communities remained detectably different from untreated controls. Fungal communities varied substantially over time, even in the untreated controls. Separate cages within the same treatment group showed radical differences, but mice within a cage generally behaved similarly. Fungi increased ∼40-fold in abundance upon antibiotic treatment but declined back to their original abundance after cessation of treatment. At the last time point, Candida remained more abundant than prior to treatment. These data show that 1) gut fungal populations change radically during normal mouse husbandry, 2) fungi grow out in the gut upon suppression of bacterial communities with antibiotics, and 3) perturbations due to antibiotics persist long term in both the fungal and bacterial microbiota.
Source: PLoS ONE
Institution: University of Pennsylvania
Language: English
Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,382
Funders: Pennsylvania Department of Health, University of Pennsylvania, National Institutes of Health, Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Center for Research Resources
Awards: Dietary Patterns and the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, G256492535, Training Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, G453267231, Institutional Clinical and Translational Science Award, Immune modulation by intestinal cell differentiation, G831023905, Diet, Genetic Factors, and the Gut Microbiome in Crohn's Disease, Purchase of the Roche GS SLX Sequencing System, G9000073871, Center for Molecular Studies in Digestive and Liver Diseases
OpenAlex ID: W2006509711