Análisis de las modificaciones epigenéticas en células óseas: ¿son los osteoblastos aislados de hueso un buen modelo para estudiar cambios en la metilación del ADN?
Year: 2014
Type: article
Abstract: Analysis of epigenetic modifications in bone cells: osteoblasts are osteoblasts isolated from bone a good model to study changes in DNA methylation?pigenetics is the study of the mechanisms which regulate gene expression in a stable and hereditary way, but without altering the DNA sequence 1 .This field of research has gained importance in recent years and it is postulated that it may explain the process of differentiation of bone cells, the appearance of bone metabolic diseases, as well the inheritability of certain pathologies (for recent reviews, see [1][2][3] ).Epigenetic mechanisms include post-translational modification in histones, regulation of protein synthesis by means of microRNA and DNA methylation.Recently, it has been proposed that changes in levels of methylation of genes may alter the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors in bone tissue.For example, the transcription factors osterix and DLX5, estrogen receptor α, as well as osteopontin, are co-regulated through the methylation of DNA 4-6 .Moreover, levels of DNA methylation may be regulated by mechanical stimuli, as is the case with the promoter of osteopontin 6 , suggesting that some of the effects of mechanical stimulation are due to the regulation of gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms.It should be mentioned that the methylation of the promoter regions of DNA in certain genes may regulate their expression at different stages of cell differentiation.Such is the case with alkaline phosphatase and sclerostin [7][8][9] .While the degree of methylation in the promoter region of alkaline phosphatase increases as the osteoblast line cells are differentiated, leading to the silencing of its expression in the osteocytes, the opposite occurs with sclerostin, whose promoter is methylated in the osteoblasts and is demethylated in the osteocytes.
Author: L.I. Plotkin
Institutions: Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University
Language: Spanish
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
Funder: National Institutes of Health
Award: G9000153796
OpenAlex ID: W2014559183