Brucellosis in low-income and middle-income countries
Year: 2013
Type: review
Abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Human brucellosis is a neglected, underrecognized infection of widespread geographic distribution. It causes acute febrile illness and a potentially debilitating chronic infection in humans, and livestock infection has substantial socioeconomic impact. This review describes new information regarding the epidemiology of brucellosis in the developing world and advances in diagnosis and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: The highest recorded incidence of human brucellosis occurs in the Middle East and Central Asia. Fever etiology studies demonstrate brucellosis as a cause of undifferentiated febrile illness in the developing world. Brucellosis is a rare cause of fever among returning travelers, but is more common among travelers returning from the Middle East and North Africa. Sensitive and specific rapid diagnostic tests appropriate for resource-limited settings have been validated. Randomized controlled trials demonstrate that optimal treatment for human brucellosis consists of doxycycline and an aminoglycoside. Decreasing the burden of human brucellosis requires control of animal brucellosis, but evidence to inform the design of control programs in the developing world is needed. SUMMARY: Brucellosis causes substantial morbidity in human and animal populations. While improvements in diagnostic options for resource-limited settings and stronger evidence for optimal therapy should enhance identification and treatment of human brucellosis, prevention of human disease through control in animals remains paramount.
Institutions: Duke University, University of Glasgow, University of Otago
Language: English
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: G1629799333, Leptospirosis in Tanzania: the role of rodents and cattle in a neglected public health problem., University of California Global Health Institute Program for Fellows and Scholars, G3204045353, The impact and social ecology of bacterial zoonoses in northern Tanzania, Towards the strategic control of endemic foot-and-mouth disease in Africa: new techniques for a neglected problem, Vanderbilt-Emory-Cornell-Duke Consortium for Global Health Fellows (VECDor), International Clinical Trials Unit, The Impact and Society Ecology of Bacterial Zoonoses in Northern Tanzania: Under, G8813918400
OpenAlex ID: W2032013011