Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Markers of Inflammation, Coagulation, and Endothelial Activation
Year: 2015
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Air pollution is associated with cardiovascular disease, and systemic inflammation may mediate this effect. We assessed associations between long- and short-term concentrations of air pollution and markers of inflammation, coagulation, and endothelial activation. METHODS: We studied participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis from 2000 to 2012 with repeat measures of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fibrinogen, D-dimer, soluble E-selectin, and soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1. Annual average concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), individual-level ambient PM2.5 (integrating indoor concentrations and time-location data), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and black carbon were evaluated. Short-term concentrations of PM2.5 reflected the day of blood draw, day prior, and averages of prior 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-day periods. Random-effects models were used for long-term exposures and fixed effects for short-term exposures. The sample size was between 9,000 and 10,000 observations for CRP, IL-6, fibrinogen, and D-dimer; approximately 2,100 for E-selectin; and 3,300 for soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1. RESULTS: After controlling for confounders, 5 µg/m increase in long-term ambient PM2.5 was associated with 6% higher IL-6 (95% confidence interval = 2%, 9%), and 40 parts per billion increase in long-term NOx was associated with 7% (95% confidence interval = 2%, 13%) higher level of D-dimer. PM2.5 measured at day of blood draw was associated with CRP, fibrinogen, and E-selectin. There were no other positive associations between blood markers and short- or long-term air pollution. CONCLUSIONS: These data are consistent with the hypothesis that long-term exposure to air pollution is related to some markers of inflammation and fibrinolysis.
Source: Epidemiology
Language: English
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: G1261793039, G1409423729, G1686417863, MESA, Interaction of Air Pollution and Psychosocial Stress on Cardiovascular Disease., G270112351, G290884426, SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDY--EBCT READING, DISCOVER Center: Cardiovascular Disease and Traffic-Related Air Pollution, G3647016462, REGULATORY LIGHT CHAIN AND MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION, Abdominal Body Composition, Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseaase, Environmental Factors in Cardiovascular Disease, MESA, Socioeconimic Patterning of Inflammation and Hemostasis, University of Washington Interdisciplinary Center for Exposures, Diseases, Genomics & Environment, Interaction of Air Pollution and Psychosocial Stress on Cardiovascular Disease., G991334795, Tools for Measuring and Analyzing Cortisol Levels in Population Studies of Health
OpenAlex ID: W2032995778