Synthetic LGE derived from cardiac T1 mapping for simultaneous assessment of focal and diffuse cardiac fibrosis
Year: 2014
Type: article
Abstract: While late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) MRI is the gold standard for detection of focal myocardial scarring [ 1 ], it is less effective than cardiac T 1 mapping (ECV) for detection of diffuse fibrosis. LGE, in principle, can be synthesized from cardiac T 1 maps. We sought to derive synthetic LGE images from saturation-recovery based cardiac T 1 maps for simultaneous assessment of focal and diffuse cardiac fibrosis. We imaged 6 mongrel dogs with lesions created by RF ablation on a 3T MRI system (Verio, Siemens), using arrhythmia-insensitive-rapid (AIR) cardiac T 1 mapping [ 2 ] and standard LGE MRI during equilibrium of Gd-BOPTA (slow infusion at 0.002 mmol/kg/min), in order to compare standard and synthetic LGE images acquired at identical concentration of Gd-BOPTA. Both LGE MRI and cardiac T 1 mapping were acquired with identical spatial resolution = 1.4×1.4×7 mm. After calculating the AIR cardiac T 1 maps, as previously described[ 2 ], a synthetic LGE image was subsequently synthesized using the Bloch equation describing an ideal inversion recovery: M z = 1 - 2*exp(-TI/T 1 ), where M z is the longitudinal magnetization, inversion time (TI) to null the normal myocardium was calculated by rearranging the above equation as TI = T 1M × log(2), where T 1M is the mean T 1 of normal myocardium. For quantitative analysis, we calculated the contrast ratio, as defined as the signal difference (e.g., lesion-myocardium) divided by lesion (see Table 1 ). Same analysis was performed for the blood-myocardium pair. This analysis enabled us to compare standard and synthetic LGE data sets with different intensity scales. Pair-wise t-test was used to compare the two groups (standard vs. synthetic LGE). Our pooled data contained 21 short-axis planes with different RF lesions. Figure 1 shows representative standard and synthetic LGE images with a lesion. The two LGE images showed comparable image quality. As summarized in Table 1 , synthetic LGE yielded higher (p < 0.001) contrast ratio of the lesion-myocardium and blood-myocardium pairs than standard LGE, but the magnitude of the differences was less than 10%. Comparison (left) standard LGE with (middle) synthetic LGE derived from (right) T 1 map . Red arrows point to RF ablation lesion created hours before with a catheter. We propose a new approach to simultaneously assess focal and diffuse cardiac fibrosis using cardiac T 1 mapping, with no need for separate acquisition of standard LGE images. This approach is also compatible with inversion-recovery based cardiac T 1 mapping methods. Synthetic LGE derived from T 1 mapping may be particularly useful for infarct size and area at risk calculations, because it is inherently insensitive to signal variation due to confounders such as RF excitation and receive inhomogeneities.
Institution: University of Utah
Language: English
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,000
OpenAlex ID: W2035088843