Dose-response association between salivary cotinine levels and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Year: 2013
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: SETTING: Tijuana, Mexico. OBJECTIVE: To describe the association between salivary cotinine levels and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay results. DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study among injection drug users. Salivary cotinine levels were measured using NicAlert, a semi-quantitative dipstick assay. QuantiFERON©-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) was used to determine Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. RESULTS: Among 234 participants, the prevalence of QFT-GIT positivity for NicAlert cotinine categories 0 (non-smoking), 1 (second-hand smoke exposure or low-level smoking) and 26 (regular smoking) were respectively 42.1%, 46.4% and 65.2% (Ptrend 0.012). We found increasing trends in QFT-GIT positivity (Ptrend 0.003) and IFN-γ concentrations (Spearman's r 0.200, P 0.002) across cotinine levels 0 to 6. In multivariable log-binomial regression models adjusted for education, cotinine levels were not associated with QFT-GIT positivity when included as smoking categories (1 and 26 vs. 0), but were independently associated with QFT-GIT positivity when included as an ordinal variable (prevalence ratio 1.09 per 1 cotinine level, 95%CI 1.021.16). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that a dose-response relationship exists between tobacco smoke exposure and M. tuberculosis infection. Longitudinal studies that use biochemical measures for smoking status are needed to confirm our findings.
Authors: S. S. Shin, R. Laniado-Laborin, P. G. Moreno, T. E. Novotny, S. A. Strathdee, R. S. Garfein
Language: English
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: G144002861, G2546552943, Drug tourism to Mexico: Impact of Mexicos new drug law on HIV-HCV-TB in US IDUs, G2903746596, Impact of Drug Policy Reform on the HIV Risk Environment among IDUs in Tijuana, AIDS International Training Program in the US Mexico Border Region, Cigarette Smoking and Tuberculosis among Injection Drug Users in Tijuana, Mexico
OpenAlex ID: W2056560315