Work

Adenosine‐to‐inosine RNA editing

Year: 2009

Type: review

Abstract: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) editing is a mechanism that generates RNA and protein diversity, which is not directly encoded in the genome. The most common type of RNA editing in vertebrates is the conversion of adenosine to inosine in double‐stranded RNA which occurs in the higher eukaryotes. This editing is carried out by the family of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) proteins. The most‐studied substrates of ADAR proteins undergo editing which is very consistent, highly conserved, and functionally important. However, editing causes changes in protein‐coding regions only at a small proportion of all editing sites. The vast majority of editing sites are in noncoding sequences. This includes microRNAs, as well as the introns and 3′ untranslated regions of messenger RNAs, which play important roles in the RNA‐mediated regulation of gene expression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology Laboratory Methods and Technologies > RNA Methods

Source: WIREs Systems Biology and Medicine

DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.10

Authors: Boris Zinshteyn, Kazuko Nishikura

Institution: The Wistar Institute

Language: English

Topic: RNA regulation and disease

Subfield: Molecular Biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Domain: Life Sciences

Open Access status: green

Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences

Awards: Control of Cardiogenesis by microRNA Editing, Regulation of R-loop Formation and Genome Stability by ADAR1