Work

Bose-Einstein Condensation with Internal Degrees of Freedom in Alkali Atom Gases

Year: 1998

Type: article

Abstract: The Bogoliubov theory is extended to a Bose-Einstein condensation with internal degrees of freedom, realized recently in $^{23}$Na gases where several hyperfine states are simultaneously cooled optically. Starting with a Hamiltonian constructed from general gauge and spin rotation symmetry principles fundamental equations for condensate are derived. The ground state where time reversal symmetry is broken in some case and low-lying collective modes, e.g. spin and density wave modes, are discussed. Novel vortex as a topological defect can be created experimentally.

Source: Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

DOI: 10.1143/jpsj.67.1822

Authors: Tetsuo Ohmi, Kazushige Machida

Institutions: Kyoto University, Okayama University

Language: English

Topic: Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates

Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

Field: Physics and Astronomy

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

OpenAlex ID: W2071219489

FWCI: 12.02

Cites: 17

Cited by: 1,096

Related to: 10