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Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation and One-Year Change in Mammographic Density in the Women's Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D Trial

Year: 2012
Type: article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Calcium and vitamin D may be inversely related to breast cancer risk, in part by affecting mammographic density. However, results from previous, mostly cross-sectional studies have been mixed, and there have been few randomized clinical trials of the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on change in mammographic density. METHODS: We assessed the effect of one year of supplementation on mammographic density in 330 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy (HT) and calcium and vitamin D (CaD) trials. Women were randomized to receive 1,000 mg/d of elemental calcium carbonate plus 400 IU/d of vitamin D(3) or placebo. RESULTS: After approximately one year, mammographic density decreased 2% in the CaD supplementation group and increased 1% in the placebo group (ratio of means = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.81-1.17). Results suggested potential interaction by HT use (P = 0.08). Among women randomized to HT placebo, the ratio of mean density comparing CaD supplementation and placebo groups was 0.82 (95% CI = 0.61-1.11) vs. 1.16 (95% CI = 0.92-1.45) in women randomized to active HT. In sensitivity analyses limited to women taking ≥ 80% of study supplements, ratios were 0.67 (95% CI = 0.41-1.07) in women not assigned to HT and 1.07 (95% CI = 0.79-1.47) women assigned to HT. CONCLUSIONS: We observed no overall effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on mammographic density after one year. IMPACT: Potential interaction between these nutrients and estrogen as related to mammographic density warrants further study.
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-1009
Authors: Elizabeth R. Bertone-Johnson, Anne McTiernan, Cynthia A. Thomson, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Aaron K. Aragaki, Thomas E. Rohan, Mara Z. Vitolins, Rulla M. Tamimi, Karen C. Johnson, Dorothy Lane, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Jennifer D. Peck, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Gloria Sarto, JoAnn E. Manson
Institutions: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, University of Arizona, University of Washington, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
Language: English
Field: Medicine
Open Access status: green
Awards: Women's Health Initiative, Women's Health Initiative, Women's Health Initiative, Women's Health Initiative, G2417796872, G2449723990, G2868073770, Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS), Women's Health Initiative, Women's Health Initiative, Women's Health Initiative, COORDINATING CENTER FOR WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE, G443405440, G4484576498, G4847987001, G5026349245, G5143030701, G5209003178, FOR ALL FIELD CENTER FOR WHI EXTENSION, G5448612825, G5881391427, G5953211031, G6604908402, Women's Health Initiative, HRT AND CHANGES IN MAMMOGRAPHIC DENSITY, Women's Health Initiative, Women's Health Initiative, G7554740352, G8178424689, G8399797517, G8750984004, G9000007102, G9000070405, G9000072420, G9000118125, G9000217803, G9000230008, G9000282402, G9000285876, G9000309661, G9000343153
OpenAlex ID: W2103486185
FWCI: 3.081
Cites: 45
Cited by: 24
Related to: 10