Work

Strategies for profiling native S‐nitrosylation

Year: 2013

Type: review

Abstract: Cysteine is a uniquely reactive amino acid, capable of undergoing both nucleophlilic and oxidative post-translational modifications. One such oxidation reaction involves the covalent modification of cysteine via the gaseous second messenger nitric oxide (NO), termed S-nitrosylation (SNO). This dynamic post-translational modification is involved in the redox regulation of proteins across all phylogenic kingdoms. In mammals, calcium-dependent activation of NO synthase triggers the local release of NO, which activates nearby guanylyl cyclases and cGMP-dependent pathways. In parallel, diffusible NO can locally modify redox active cellular thiols, functionally modulating many redox sensitive enzymes. Aberrant SNO is implicated in the pathology of many diseases, including neurodegeneration, inflammation, and stroke. In this review, we discuss current methods to label sites of SNO for biochemical analysis. The most popular method involves a series of biochemical steps to mask free thiols followed by selective nitrosothiol reduction and capture. Other emerging methods include mechanism-based phosphine probes and mercury enrichment chemistry. By bridging new enrichment approaches with high-resolution mass spectrometry, large-scale analysis of protein nitrosylation has highlighted new pathways of oxidative regulation.

Source: Biopolymers

DOI: 10.1002/bip.22342

Authors: Jaimeen D. Majmudar, Brent R. Martin

Institution: University of Michigan

Language: English

Topic: Redox biology and oxidative stress

Subfield: Molecular Biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Domain: Life Sciences

Open Access status: green

Funder: National Cancer Institute

Award: Quantitative chemical proteomics of dynamic palmitoylation in cells