Year: 1964
Type: article
Abstract: HORNER'S syndrome classically consists of a tetrad of miosis, ptosis, enophthalmos, and anhidrosis on the affected side, though the last-mentioned is not a constant finding.It was first noted experimentally in 1852 by Claude Bernard, but it was not until 1869 that the findings were described by Johann Friedrich Horner, a Swiss ophthalmologist, who gave the syndrome its name (Bernard, 1853; Horner, 1869).Any interruption in the sympathetic pathway in its long course from the brain to the eye may be responsible for the syndrome on the affected side.The sympathetic pathway to the pupil consists of three neurones:(1) The central neurone commencing in the hypothalmic centre of the midbrain runs down to the ciliospinal centre in the cord.(2) The second or preganglionic neurone then passes via the ventral roots of C8-T3 to the sympathetic chain, and entering the inferior cervical ganglion it passes upwards to the superior cervical ganglion at the level of C2-3.(3) The third or post-ganglionic neurone passes via the carotid plexus and trigeminal nerve to the eye innervating the dilator pupillae and the involuntary muscles of the eyelid.
Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.48.4.227
Authors: K. M. Khurana, P. J. L. Hunter
Institution: Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital
Language: English
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W2118023940