Year: 2012
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to monitor changes in brain inflammation and neuronal integrity associated with HIV infection and its treatments. We used MRS to measure brain changes during the first weeks following HIV infection and in response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: Brain metabolite levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (tCHO), creatine (CR), myoinositol (MI), and glutamate and glutamine (GLX) were measured in acute HIV subjects (n = 31) and compared to chronic HIV+individuals (n = 26) and HIV negative control subjects (n = 10) from Bangkok, Thailand. Metabolites were measured in frontal gray matter (FGM), frontal white matter (FWM), occipital gray matter (OGM), and basal ganglia (BG). Repeat measures were obtained in 17 acute subjects 1, 3 and 6 months following initiation of ART. RESULTS: After adjustment for age we identified elevated BG tCHO/CR in acute HIV cases at baseline (median 14 days after HIV infection) compared to control (p = 0.0014), as well as chronic subjects (p = 0.0023). A similar tCHO/CR elevation was noted in OGM; no other metabolite abnormalities were seen between acute and control subjects. Mixed longitudinal models revealed resolution of BG tCHO/CR elevation after ART (p = 0.022) with tCHO/CR similar to control subjects at 6 months. INTERPRETATION: We detected cellular inflammation in the absence of measurable neuronal injury within the first month of HIV infection, and normalization of this inflammation following acutely administered ART. Our findings suggest that early ART may be neuroprotective in HIV infection by mitigating processes leading to CNS injury.
Source: PLoS ONE
Authors: Napapon Sailasuta, William Ross, Jintanat Ananworanich, Thep Chalermchai, Victor DeGruttola, Sukalaya Lerdlum, Mantana Pothisri, Edgar Busovaca, Silvia Ratto-Kim, Linda Jagodzinski, Serena Spudich, Nelson Michael, Jerome H. Kim, Victor Valcour, for the RV254/SEARCH 010 protocol teams
Language: English
Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,382
Funders: U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Pfizer, Gilead Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Mental Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, U.S. Military HIV Research Program
Awards: G1103249167, G1521411027, G1589278233, G2462534994, G2474977437, Long-Term CNS Consequences of Treatment During Acute Infection, G3503792436, G386607036, G4119534169, G4585269469, G5850682332, G5888954722, G5920237370, Peripheral Reservoir of HIV DNA in Monocytes Pivotal to Cognition in HIV, Central Nervous System Effects in Acute HIV Seroconversion, HIV-1 Specific Immune Responses in Thai Individuals with HIV Dementia, US MILITARY HUMAN IMMONODEFIECIENCY VIRUS (HIV) RESEARCH PROGRAM
OpenAlex ID: W2124792307