Year: 2001
Type: article
Abstract: The photon sphere concept in Schwarzschild space–time is generalized to a definition of a photon surface in an arbitrary space–time. A photon sphere is then defined as an SO(3)×R-invariant photon surface in a static spherically symmetric space–time. It is proved, subject to an energy condition, that a black hole in any such space–time must be surrounded by a photon sphere. Conversely, subject to an energy condition, any photon sphere must surround a black hole, a naked singularity or more than a certain amount of matter. A second order evolution equation is obtained for the area of an SO(3)-invariant photon surface in a general nonstatic spherically symmetric space–time. Many examples are provided.
Source: Journal of Mathematical Physics
DOI: 10.1063/1.1308507
Authors: Clarissa-Marie Claudel, K. S. Virbhadra, G. F. R. Ellis
Institutions: Umeå University, University of Cape Town
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W2133824920