Endocrine and Metabolic Effects of Consuming Fructose- and Glucose-Sweetened Beverages with Meals in Obese Men and Women: Influence of Insulin Resistance on Plasma Triglyceride Responses
Year: 2009
Type: article
Abstract: CONTEXT: Compared with glucose-sweetened beverages, consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages with meals elevates postprandial plasma triglycerides and lowers 24-h insulin and leptin profiles in normal-weight women. The effects of fructose, compared with glucose, ingestion on metabolic profiles in obese subjects has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to compare the effects of fructose- and glucose-sweetened beverages consumed with meals on hormones and metabolic substrates in obese subjects. DESIGN AND SETTING: The study had a within-subject design conducted in the clinical and translational research center. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included 17 obese men (n = 9) and women (n = 8), with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m(2). INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were studied under two conditions involving ingestion of mixed nutrient meals with either glucose-sweetened beverages or fructose-sweetened beverages. The beverages provided 30% of total kilocalories. Blood samples were collected over 24 h. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Area under the curve (24 h AUC) for glucose, lactate, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, uric acid, triglycerides (TGs), and free fatty acids was measured. RESULTS: Compared with glucose-sweetened beverages, fructose consumption was associated with lower AUCs for insulin (1052.6 +/- 135.1 vs. 549.2 +/- 79.7 muU/ml per 23 h, P < 0.001) and leptin (151.9 +/- 22.7 vs. 107.0 +/- 15.0 ng/ml per 24 h, P < 0.03) and increased AUC for TG (242.3 +/- 96.8 vs. 704.3 +/- 124.4 mg/dl per 24 h, P < 0.0001). Insulin-resistant subjects exhibited larger 24-h TG profiles (P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In obese subjects, consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages with meals was associated with less insulin secretion, blunted diurnal leptin profiles, and increased postprandial TG concentrations compared with glucose consumption. Increases of TGs were augmented in obese subjects with insulin resistance, suggesting that fructose consumption may exacerbate an already adverse metabolic profile present in many obese subjects.
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-2192
Language: English
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
Funders: American Diabetes Association, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of Pennsylvania, National Institutes of Health, Agricultural Research Service, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Center for Research Resources, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
Awards: G1135820963, G1165208759, Fructose vs Glucose: Leptin, Appetite and Food Intake, G223716007, Dietary Fructose: Hormones & TG/Lipoprotein Metabolism, Effects of fish oil and alpha lipoic on the progression of insulin resistance, VAGAL CONTROL OF INSULIN RELEASE IN HUMANS, G3445904218, G366406518, G4076308108, Effects of 2wk fructose & HFCS consumption on lipid dysregulation & insulin resis, G5838750968, Fatty acid sources of fructose and HFCS-induced postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, Effects of Chromium on Progression of Insulin Resistance, General Clinical Research Center, G9000097277, G9000160578, University of Pennsylvania Diabetes Research Center
OpenAlex ID: W2135266778