Year: 1983
Type: review
Abstract: During the past 40 years, many of the known metabolites and hormones have been considered for possible roles in the control of feeding.In the development of this area of research, much attention was given to the relationship between obesity and diabetes (Mayer, 1955).This led to many experiments on the possible roles of insulin, glucose metabolism and feeding behaviours (Woods et al. 1974).The development of the concept of the glucostatic control of feeding generated interest in many phases of glucose homoeostasis and the insulin control system, especially as they are related to control of meal size and frequency.Research on the role of hypothalamic structures in energy balance regulation and feeding behaviour included many studies on the effects of both insulin and growth hormone (Bray & This brief review will be concerned primarily with current considerations for the roles of selected hormones in the control of feeding.Several peptides of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and brain will be discussed, and the possible roles for the major pancreatic hormones, glucagon and insulin, will be reviewed. York, '979). Gastrointestinal hormonesFor many years discussions on GI hormones were limited to three or four peptides, but it is now known that the GI tract is a large reservoir of peptides for which physiological actions have yet to be completely defined.In the several cases studied extensively, within a hormone family the activities are found in peptides of varying chain lengths.The peptides of the GI tract fall generally into two families, with members of a family having overlapping activities.Consideration of the peptides for roles in controlling behaviour is very much complicated by the above factors.While progress has been made in this area during the last decade, much remains to be discovered about the synthesis, production, release and actions of the various forms of the GI peptides.The GI hormone with the most compelling evidence for a role in the control of feeding behaviour is cholecystokinin (CCK).In a convincing series of studies involving rats with gastric fistulas, which permitted them to ingest food but not digest or absorb it (thus allowing sham feeding), the percentage inhibition of food intake in a test meal after a 17 h fast was shown to be dose-dependent in a Present addresses: 'Monsanto Company (04C).
DOI: 10.1079/pns19830018
Institution: University of Pennsylvania
Language: English
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W2144819124