CD4+ T cell recovery during suppression of HIV replication: an international comparison of the immunological efficacy of antiretroviral therapy in North America, Asia and Africa
Year: 2015
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Even among HIV-infected patients who fully suppress plasma HIV RNA replication on antiretroviral therapy, genetic (e.g. CCL3L1 copy number), viral (e.g. tropism) and environmental (e.g. chronic exposure to microbial antigens) factors influence CD4 recovery. These factors differ markedly around the world and therefore the expected CD4 recovery during HIV RNA suppression may differ globally. METHODS: We evaluated HIV-infected adults from North America, West Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa and Asia starting non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorbased regimens containing efavirenz or nevirapine, who achieved at least one HIV RNA level <500/ml in the first year of therapy and observed CD4 changes during HIV RNA suppression. We used a piecewise linear regression to estimate the influence of region of residence on CD4 recovery, adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. We observed 28 217 patients from 105 cohorts over 37 825 person-years. RESULTS: After adjustment, patients from East Africa showed diminished CD4 recovery as compared with other regions. Three years after antiretroviral therapy initiation, the mean CD4 count for a prototypical patient with a pre-therapy CD4 count of 150/ml was 529/ml [95% confidence interval (CI): 517–541] in North America, 494/ml (95% CI: 429–559) in West Africa, 515/ml (95% CI: 508–522) in Southern Africa, 503/ml (95% CI: 478–528) in Asia and 437/ml (95% CI: 425–449) in East Africa. CONCLUSIONS: CD4 recovery during HIV RNA suppression is diminished in East Africa as compared with other regions of the world, and observed differences are large enough to potentially influence clinical outcomes. Epidemiological analyses on a global scale can identify macroscopic effects unobservable at the clinical, national or individual regional level.
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu271
Authors: Elvin H Geng, Torsten B Neilands, Rodolphe Thièbaut, Mwebesa Bosco Bwana, Denis Nash, Richard D Moore, Robin Wood, Djimon Marcel Zannou, Keri N Althoff, Poh Lian Lim, Jean B Nachega, Philippa J Easterbrook, Andrew Kambugu, Francesca Little, Gertrude Nakigozi, Damalie Nakanjako, Valerian Kiggundu, Patrick Chung Ki Li, David R Bangsberg, Matthew P Fox, Hans W Prozesky, Peter W Hunt, Mary-Ann Davies, Steven J Reynolds, Matthias Egger, Constantin T Yiannoutsos, Eric V Vittinghoff, Steven G Deeks, Jeffrey N Martin
Language: English
Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
Awards: G1325934543, Center/Coordination, Analysis and Management/MACS, G2127051194, G2305559494, G240136927, G2746664592, G2839755957, G295270083, G325158278, G3319082497, G4225966735, G446944062, G5404927953, G596821015, G6221361229, G6350583233, G689649959, G7618437149, G81379742, G9000052486, G9000078127, G9000100957, G9000103628, G9000103636, G9000170186, G9000170244, G9000227640, G9000270537, G9000337900, The Johns Hopkins Center for AIDS Research (JHU CFAR), North American AIDS Cohorts on Collaboration and Design (NAACCORD), G97119092
OpenAlex ID: W2151362414