Differential Levels of Soluble Inflammatory Markers by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Controller Status and Demographics
Year: 2014
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 elite controllers (ECs) represent an ideal population to study the effects of HIV persistence on chronic inflammation in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods. Twenty inflammatory markers measured in cohorts of ECs, HIV suppressed noncontrollers, and HIV-uninfected controls were compared using rank-based tests and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA). Spearman correlations were determined among the inflammatory markers, residual viremia by the single-copy assay, and CD4(+) T cell slope. Results. Significant differences were seen between cohorts in 15 of the soluble inflammatory markers. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 ECs were found to have the highest levels for all of the markers with the exception of RANTES. In particular, median levels of 7 inflammatory markers (soluble CD14 [sCD14], interferon [IFN]-γ, IFN-γ-inducible protein [IP]-10, interleukin [IL]-4, IL-10, sCD40L, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) were twice as high in the HIV-1 ECs compared with either of the HIV-suppressed or uninfected groups. Multivariate PLSDA analysis of inflammatory markers improved differentiation between the patient cohorts, discerning gender differences in inflammatory profile amongst individuals on suppressive ART. Soluble markers of inflammation in ECs were not associated with either levels of residual HIV-1 viremia or CD4(+) T cell decline. Conclusions. Despite maintaining relatively low levels of viremia, HIV-1 ECs had elevated levels of a set of key inflammatory markers. Additional studies are needed to determine whether ECs may benefit from ART and to further evaluate the observed gender differences.
Source: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofu117
Language: English
Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,053
Funders: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Amgen, AIDS Healthcare Foundation, AstraZeneca, Gilead Sciences, Harvard University, Harvard University Center for AIDS Research, Kowa Company, Novo Nordisk, National Institutes of Health, Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Mental Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Center for Research Resources, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Awards: G1049408530, G1203476693, G1509875359, G1575283533, G1722716446, G2073106308, G2074886649, Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (UL1), G345173699, G3586383482, G3810609436, G4166928756, G5186286648, G5494060383, G601675503, G650174051, G7316781220, G743309412, G773867414, G7785852513, G9000054876, G9000129761, G90079629
OpenAlex ID: W2156250441