Year: 2014
Type: review
Abstract: In the past two decades, our knowledge of gene regulation has been greatly expanded by the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small (19-24 nt) noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) found in metazoans, plants, and some viruses. They have been shown to regulate many cellular processes, including differentiation, maintenance of homeostasis, apoptosis, and the immune response. At present, there are over 300 known viral miRNAs encoded by diverse virus families. One well-characterized function of some viral miRNAs is the regulation of viral transcripts. Host miRNAs can also regulate viral gene expression. We propose that viruses take advantage of both host and viral ncRNA regulation to balance replication and infectious state (for example, latent versus lytic infection). As miRNA regulation can be reversed upon certain cellular stresses, we hypothesize that ncRNAs can serve viruses as barometers for cellular stress.
Source: Annual Review of Virology
Authors: Jennifer E. Cox, Christopher S. Sullivan
Institution: The University of Texas at Austin
Language: English
Subfield: Cancer Research
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W2160264148