Macrophages in Vaginal but Not Intestinal Mucosa Are Monocyte-Like and Permissive to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
Year: 2009
Type: article
Abstract: Mucosal surfaces play a major role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission and pathogenesis, and yet the role of lamina propria macrophages in mucosal HIV-1 infection has received little investigative attention. We report here that vaginal and intestinal macrophages display distinct phenotype and HIV-1 permissiveness profiles. Vaginal macrophages expressed the innate response receptors CD14, CD89, CD16, CD32, and CD64 and the HIV-1 receptor/coreceptors CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4, similar to monocytes. Consistent with this phenotype, green fluorescent protein-tagged R5 HIV-1 entered macrophages in explanted vaginal mucosa as early as 30 min after inoculation of virus onto the epithelium, and purified vaginal macrophages supported substantial levels of HIV-1 replication by a panel of highly macrophage-tropic R5 viruses. In sharp contrast, intestinal macrophages expressed no detectable, or very low levels of, innate response receptors and HIV-1 receptor/coreceptors and did not support HIV-1 replication, although virus occasionally entered macrophages in intestinal tissue explants. Thus, vaginal, but not intestinal, macrophages are monocyte-like and permissive to R5 HIV-1 after the virus has translocated across the epithelium. These findings suggest that genital and gut macrophages have different roles in mucosal HIV-1 pathogenesis and that vaginal macrophages play a previously underappreciated but potentially important role in mucosal HIV-1 infection in the female genital tract.
Source: Journal of Virology
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01796-08
Language: English
Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America, Crohn's and Colitis Foundation, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Center for Research Resources
Awards: (CHAVI) Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology, G1151965871, G1494195705, G1747132829, G2026096560, G207772888, EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH FACILITIES IMPROVEMENT, G3479743908, Mucosal HIV and Immunobiology Center, G5608525850, HIV-1 tropism neuropathogenesis and therapy, (CHAVI) Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology, G7857072373, G808138784, G83478885, G8757530469, HIV reservoir and CD4 repopulation in gut lymphoid tissue, G89420413, G898082045, G9000095073, G9000153160, G9000213358, Immunologic Diseases and Basic Immunology
OpenAlex ID: W2161024777