Year: 2015
Type: review
Abstract: The resolution of inflammation is an active and dynamic process, mediated in large part by the innate immune system. Resolution represents not only an increase in anti-inflammatory actions, but also a paradigm shift in immune cell function to restore homeostasis. PPARγ, a ligand activated transcription factor, has long been studied for its anti-inflammatory actions, but an emerging body of literature is investigating the role of PPARγ and its ligands (including thiazolidinediones, prostaglandins, and oleanolic acids) in all phases of resolution. PPARγ can shift production from pro- to anti-inflammatory mediators by neutrophils, platelets, and macrophages. PPARγ and its ligands further modulate platelet and neutrophil function, decreasing trafficking, promoting neutrophil apoptosis, and preventing platelet-leukocyte interactions. PPARγ alters macrophage trafficking, increases efferocytosis and phagocytosis, and promotes alternative M2 macrophage activation. There are also roles for this receptor in the adaptive immune response, particularly regarding B cells. These effects contribute towards the attenuation of multiple disease states, including COPD, colitis, Alzheimer's disease, and obesity in animal models. Finally, novel specialized proresolving mediators-eicosanoids with critical roles in resolution-may act through PPARγ modulation to promote resolution, providing another exciting area of therapeutic potential for this receptor.
Source: PPAR Research
DOI: 10.1155/2015/549691
Institutions: University of Rochester Medicine, University of Rochester
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,630
Funders: Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America Foundation, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Center for Research Resources, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, U.S. Army Medical Department
Awards: G2070376067, Platelet dysfunction due to HIV in ART treated Smokers, G2503506995, G2569168282, G2814781227, MULTIDISCIPLINARY TRAINING IN PULMONARY RESEARCH, G4905962757, Novel therapies for cigarette smoke induced lung injury, G4981186476, G5402447461, The University of Rochester Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Training Program in Oral Science, G6043044071, G685906861, The University of Rochester's Clinical and Translational Science Institute, G7157706554, G7809763704, G8189806958, G8411775509, G8762179632, Environmental Agents as Modulators of Disease Processes, Training in Environmental Toxicology
OpenAlex ID: W2185633290