Year: 2015
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: IMPORTANCE: Postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) is typically benign in term infants but in very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants can cause pneumonitis and sepsislike illness. Whether postnatal CMV infection results in long-term pulmonary sequelae in these infants is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between postnatal CMV infection and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and mortality in a large multicenter cohort of VLBW infants. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Conducted between October 2014 and June 2015, this propensity-matched retrospective cohort study involved 101,111 hospitalized VLBW (<1500 g) infants at 348 neonatal intensive care units in the United States from 1997 to 2012. We matched infants with postnatal CMV infection 1:1 to comparison infants using propensity scores, and we used Poisson regression to examine the effect of postnatal CMV on the combined risk for death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. To describe features of postnatal CMV infection, we extracted clinical and laboratory data from 7 days before until 7 days after infants met criteria for postnatal CMV. EXPOSURES: Postnatal CMV infection was defined as a diagnosis of CMV or detection of CMV from blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, or respiratory secretions on or after day of life 21. Infants with a CMV diagnosis or virologic detection of CMV prior to day of life 21 were not considered to have postnatal infection. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. RESULTS: Of 101,111 infants, 328 (0.3%) had postnatal CMV infection. We matched a comparison infant to 303 CMV-infected infants (92%) for a final cohort of 606 infants. The median gestational age and birth weight of this cohort were 25 weeks and 730 g, respectively. Postnatal CMV infection was associated with an increased risk for death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (risk ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10-1.32) and BPD (risk ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19-1.50). Changes in cardiorespiratory status associated with postnatal CMV infection included a new requirement for vasopressor medications (9%; n = 29), intubation for mechanical ventilation (15%; n = 49), a new oxygen requirement (28%; n = 91), and death (1.2%; n = 4). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In VLBW infants, postnatal CMV infection was associated with increased risk for BPD. Further studies are needed to determine the role of preventive measures against CMV in this population.
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
Funders: National Institutes of Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, NIH Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Awards: G1735616026, G1850974500, G2102029963, Institutional Training Grant in Pediatric Infectious Disease, G2377042034, Duke CTSA (Composite), G2829770695, Vaccine-induced HIV antibody responses in infants, G3008453, Transmission-blocking potential of novel HIV Env-specific mucosal antibodies, Early Life Vaccination to Prevent HIV acquisition during Adolescence, G4322685311, G4954636980, G5139652136, Maternal immune protection against congenital CMV infection, Antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and outcomes in vulnerable infants, A novel HIV-1-neutralizing protein isolated from breast milk, Increasing the Quality and Efficiency of Clinical Trials (R18), G6746639097, G6956809308, G7177219445, Fungal biomarkers for diagnosis and response to therapy for pediatric candidemia, Center for AIDS Research, Mentorship of early-career pediatricians in quantitative methods and therapeutics
OpenAlex ID: W2193123881