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Targeted Delivery of Gaseous Ligands (CO and NO) for the Treatment of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Year: 2014
Type: article
Abstract: Hemorrhagic shock is a clinical condition characterized by the sudden loss of intravascular blood volume and reduction in organ/tissue perfusion due to trauma.This in turn induces tissue ischemia, which is characterized by limited oxygen (O 2 ) transport to tissues coupled with an accumulation of tissue excretory products eventually leading to cell death.To treat hemorrhagic shock, clinicians normally stop the bleeding and transfuse the patient with either red blood cells (RBCs) or plasma expanders in order to restore the lost blood volume.Hence, re-establishment of blood flow and restoration of tissue oxygenation is known as reperfusion.This abrupt change in tissue oxygenation, though considered beneficial, can paradoxically induce cell apoptosis, tissue inflammation, infarct formation and has been shown to elicit multiple organ dysfunctions by activating cytotoxic injury processes such as reactive O 2 species (ROS) generation, neutrophil-endothelium interactions, and hypercontracture (i.e.intracellular overloading of cardiomyocytes with Ca 2+ ions).These collective set of side-effects that occur during the ischemic and reperfusion phases is classified as ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and is a major obstacle towards successful treatment of hemorrhagic shock.In 2010, IRIs affected 2.4 million patients in the United States (US), and was responsible for ca.15.3% of total deaths in the US.World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that by 2020, IRIs will be the leading cause of mortality in the world.Therefore, it is vital to develop novel therapeutics to protect the cardiovascular system during acute ischemic and post-ischemic phases that occur during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock.
Language: English
Subfield: Biomaterials
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W2255687539
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