Aspectos fisiológicos e bioquímicos da resistência do cafeeiro à ferrugem potencializados por triazol e estrobilurina
Year: 2014
Type: dissertation
Abstract: Coffee is the most traded commodity in the world and Brazil is the largest producer. Coffee leaf rust, caused by the biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix is the most important coffee disease reducing coffee yield by 35 to 50%. Too little is known about this pathosystem as well as the pathogen impacts on plant photosynthesis, defense enzymes activities, concentration of plant pigments and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters under different fungicides sprayed treatments. To contribute with new knowledge generation, this study aimed: 1) to evaluate the Fv/Fm (Maximal photosystem II quantum yield) chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging parameter as tool to differentiate pre-symptomatic coffee leaf rust infections in plants sprayed with pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole and 2) to investigate the relationships between photosynthetic pigments, defense enzymes activities and some chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters on leaves of coffee plants sprayed with epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin and inoculated or non-inoculated with Hemileia vastatrix. Experiments in a completely randomized design were performed in greenhouse and coffee plants were inoculated with urediniospores. Epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin were sprayed in coffee plants in order to study the Fv/Fm chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter, coffee leaf rust severity, defense enzymes activities, photosynthetic pigments concentration and other chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. Results from the present study showed that the different fungicides application on soil and/or leaves of triazoles and strobilurins were efficient to control coffee leaf rust. There was a significant linear relationship between the areas of real severity and visual severity and for each additional unit in the visual severity there was an increase of 53% on the real severity. For the epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin treatments, the coffee leaf rust symptoms decreased based on both visual and Fv/Fm images. Pustules on leaves sprayed with epoxiconazole were smaller in size than the ones on leaves of plants from the control treatment, but bigger than pyraclostrobin. Reduction on Fv/Fm values at the pustules epicenter on leaves of plants sprayed with epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin were lower than those of the control treatment. Coffee leaf rust severity decreased until 40 days after inoculation on plants sprayed with epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin. Catalase, peroxidases, β-1,3-glucanases and chitinases activities were different among treatments with inoculated and non-inoculated plants. There was a significant reduction in pigments concentration between non-inoculated and inoculated treatments but not, in plants sprayed with epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were different between non-inoculated and inoculated plants and non- sprayed and fungicides sprayed plants. Hemileia vastatrix affected the photosynthetic capacity of Coffea arabica and the Fv/Fm parameter was able to show this effect before the appearance of visual symptoms. Changes on photosynthesis were detected in non- inoculated and inoculated plants sprayed with epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin. Also, the effect of fungicides on photosynthesis should be studied to provide more opportunities to understanding the impacts on plant defense mechanisms that lead to reduced coffee leaf rust symptoms.
Source: Americanae (AECID Library)
Author: Jaime Honorato
Language: Portuguese
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W2285390292