Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Virus Differed by Vaccine Type During 2013–2014 in the United States
Year: 2016
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The predominant strain during the 2013-2014 influenza season was 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus (A[H1N1]pdm09). This vaccine-component has remained unchanged from 2009. METHODS: The US Flu Vaccine Effectiveness Network enrolled subjects aged ≥6 months with medically attended acute respiratory illness (MAARI), including cough, with illness onset ≤7 days before enrollment. Influenza was confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We determined the effectiveness of trivalent or quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) among subjects ages ≥6 months and the effectiveness of quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) among children aged 2-17 years, using a test-negative design. The effect of prior receipt of any A(H1N1)pdm09-containing vaccine since 2009 on the effectiveness of current-season vaccine was assessed. RESULTS: We enrolled 5999 subjects; 5637 (94%) were analyzed; 18% had RT-PCR-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09-related MAARI. Overall, the effectiveness of vaccine against A(H1N1)pdm09-related MAARI was 54% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46%-61%). Among fully vaccinated children aged 2-17 years, the effectiveness of LAIV4 was 17% (95% CI, -39% to 51%) and the effectiveness of IIV was 60% (95% CI, 36%-74%). Subjects aged ≥9 years showed significant residual protection of any prior A(H1N1)pdm09-containing vaccine dose(s) received since 2009, as did children <9 years old considered fully vaccinated by prior season. CONCLUSIONS: During 2013-2014, IIV was significantly effective against A(H1N1)pdm09. Lack of LAIV4 effectiveness in children highlights the importance of continued annual monitoring of effectiveness of influenza vaccines in the United States.
Authors: Manjusha Gaglani, Jessica Pruszynski, Kempapura Murthy, Lydia Clipper, Anne Robertson, Michael Reis, Jessie R. Chung, Pedro A. Piedra, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Richard K. Zimmerman, Michael L. Jackson, Lisa A. Jackson, Joshua G. Petrie, Suzanne E. Ohmit, Arnold S. Monto, Huong Q. McLean, Edward A. Belongia, Alicia M. Fry, Brendan Flannery
Institutions: Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Temple, Baylor Scott & White Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Baylor College of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, University of Michigan, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
Funders: Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, University of Michigan, Henry Ford Health System, University of Pittsburgh, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Novavax, National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Sanofi Pasteur, National Center for Research Resources, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Awards: G1037376802, G1398660181, G3189984139, CORE_PLUS OPTION_B_C_INFLUENZA VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS IN A WISCONSIN POPULATION, University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute, G382276782, CORE_PROSPECTIVE POPULATION-BASED ESTIMATION OF INFLUENZA VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS A, G517149770, CORE_RT-PCR BASED CASE-CONTROL: APT MEASURE OF INFLUENZA VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS, G5787883415, PROSPECTIVE ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF INFLUENZA VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS AND BURDEN OF DISEASE, G653690408, G6715899954, US INFLUENZA VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS NETWORK, CORE_PLUS OPTION_A_C_INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE AND VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS IN A LARGE, G7975917069, G8232721138, CORE_PLUS_OPTION_A_B_PROPOSAL FOR INFLUENZA VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH, G8762501422, G884570035, G9000052321, G9000079931
OpenAlex ID: W2301625675