Nephrotoxic Effects of Abamectin and Calotropis procera Latex and Leaf Extract in Male Albino Rats
Year: 2016
Type: article
Abstract: The current study aims to assess the toxic effect of abamectin and latex and ethanolic extract of leaves of Calotropis procera administrations on kidney function and histological integrity in male albino rats. LD50 of latex was determined through oral administration of latex in gradual increasing doses (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2, 2.4, 2.8, 3.2 ml/ kg b. wt) for 8 groups each of 5 male albino mice. After 72 hours of administration, the number of dead animals in each group and LD50 was calculated for mice and converted to its equivalent in rats. The albino rats used in this study were allocated into 7 groups. Group 1 was orally administered 1% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) as a vehicle for 4 weeks and 8 weeks and was regarded as control group. The second and third groups were orally treated with 1/20 (66 µl/kg b. wt) and 1/10 (132 µl/kg b. wt) of LD50 of Calotropis procera latex respectively for 4 weeks and 8 weeks. The fourth and fifth groups were orally administered 1/20 (4.78 mg/kg b. wt) and 1/10 (9.56 mg/kg b. wt) of LD50 of ethanolic extract of C. procera leaves respectively for 4 weeks and 8 weeks. The sixth and seventh groups was orally administered with 1/20 (0.44 mg /kg b. wt) and 1/10 (0.87 mg/kg b. wt) of LD50 of abamectin (vertimec 1.8% EC) respectively for 4 weeks and 8 weeks. C. procera latex and ethanolic extract as well as ABM produced a marked elevation of serum urea, uric acid and creatinine level at the two tested periods in a dose dependent manner. The increase in lipid peroxiation and depletion in glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase activities occurred in kidney of all treated rats. Treatments with the plant latex and leaves ethanolic extract as well as ABM induced a significant increase in serum tumor necrosis factor -α and decrease in serum interleukin-4 and these changes were dose dependent. Alterations in the normal histological structure and integrity of kidney were observed after treatments and degree of lesions became more deleterious as the time progressed from 4 to 8 weeks. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicated that C. procera latex and ethanolic extract of leaves could induce marked toxicity in kidney and these toxic effects may be more or less similar to those of abamectin. This nephrotoxicity may be mediated via stimulation of oxidative stress and suppression and antioxidant defense system. However, further studies are required in future to assess the toxic effects of various constituents of C. procera latex and leaves ethanolic extract.
Language: English
Subfield: Biomaterials
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W2406212592