Year: 2016
Type: review
Abstract: Immune-checkpoint blockade therapy with antibodies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 has revolutionized melanoma treatment by eliciting responses that can be remarkably durable and is now advancing to other malignancies. However, not all patients respond to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Extensive preclinical evidence suggests that combining immune-checkpoint inhibitors with other anti-cancer treatments can greatly improve the therapeutic benefit. The first clinical success of the combinatorial approach to cancer immunotherapy was demonstrated using a dual-checkpoint blockade with CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors, which resulted in accelerated FDA approval of this therapeutic regimen. In this review, we discuss the combinations of current and emerging immunotherapeutic agents in clinical and preclinical development and summarize the insights into potential mechanisms of synergistic anti-tumor activity gained from animal studies. These promising combinatorial partners for the immune-checkpoint blockade include therapeutics targeting additional inhibitory receptors of T cells, such as TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, and BTLA, and agonists of T cell costimulatory receptors 4-1BB, OX40, and GITR, as well as agents that promote cancer cell recognition by the immune system, such as tumor vaccines, IDO inhibitors, and agonists of the CD40 receptor of APCs. We also review the therapeutic potential of regimens combining the immune-checkpoint blockade with therapeutic interventions that have been shown to enhance immunogenicity of cancer cells, including oncolytic viruses, RT, epigenetic therapy, and senescence-inducing therapy.
Source: Journal of Leukocyte Biology
Language: English
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
Awards: G1188393146, G1683023738, Enhancing Translational Science via Prospective Investigation, G283432789, G2878775964, New Strategies for Treatment of NRAS Mutant Melanoma after Progression on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, G359867969, G4513176822, G4923790243, Chemokine Signals in the Premetastatic Niche Inhibit Metastasis, G6537411040, G6983782547, G818418256, G8543375580, G9000081609, Vanderbilt Clinical Oncology Research Career Development Award, Cancer Center Support Grant, Combining senescence-inducing and senolytic agents to improve melanoma therapy
OpenAlex ID: W2417250557