Prevalence of non-HIV cancer risk factors in persons living with HIV/AIDS
Year: 2015
Type: review
Study designs: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The burden of cancer among persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is substantial and increasing. We assessed the prevalence of modifiable cancer risk factors among adult PLWHA in Western high-income countries since 2000. DESIGN: Meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched PubMed to identify articles published in 2011-2013 reporting prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight/obesity, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) among PLWHA. We conducted random effects meta-analyses of prevalence for each risk factor, including estimation of overall, sex-specific, and HIV-transmission-group-specific prevalence. We compared prevalence in PLWHA with published prevalence estimates in US adults. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 113 publications. Overall summary prevalence estimates were current smoking, 54% [95% confidence interval (CI) 49-59%] versus 20-23% in US adults; cervical high-risk HPV infection, 46% (95% CI 34-58%) versus 29% in US females; oral high-risk HPV infection, 16% (95% CI 10-23%) versus 4% in US adults; anal high-risk HPV infection (men who have sex with men), 68% (95% CI 57-79%), with no comparison estimate available; chronic HCV infection, 26% (95% CI 21-30%) versus 0.9% in US adults; and HBV infection, 5% (95% CI 4-5%) versus 0.3% in US adults. Overweight/obesity prevalence (53%; 95% CI 46-59%) was below that of US adults (68%). Meta-analysis of alcohol consumption prevalence was impeded by varying assessment methods. Overall, we observed considerable study heterogeneity in prevalence estimates. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of smoking and oncogenic virus infections continues to be extraordinarily high among PLWHA, indicating a vital need for risk factor reduction efforts.
Source: AIDS
Language: English
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: Liver cancer risk and prevention among persons living with HIV/AIDS, 2/6 COMpAAAS U01: Observation Study, Antiretroviral Therapy Strategies to Lower Cancer Risk in HIV-Infected Persons, Benefits and Harms of Lung Cancer Screening in HIV Infection, Interdisciplinary HIV Prevention Training Program, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Training Grant, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, HIV Infection, Antiretroviral Therapy, Cancer Incidence and Progression
OpenAlex ID: W2419386918