Year: 2013
Type: book-chapter
Abstract: The study deals with the beginnings and development of humanistic and technical knowledge primarily in ancient Greece and Rome until the end of the Middle Ages.It also analyzes school as an organized social institution for transfer of knowledge and scientific insights.Numerous Greek philosophers, scientists and intellectuals founded their schools in which program was not set but it varied from one teacher to another, from one school to another.Number of subjects learnt in these schools gradually came to number seven: grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music.These were "seven liberal arts" (septem artes liberales) which were practiced by "free" (wealthy) people as opposed to "unfree" activities (manual work) performed by lower social classes or slaves.Teaching program of the old Greeks was the basis of entire education until the end of the Middle Ages (15th century).It was accepted particularly well by the Romans who as opposed to the Greeks paid more attention to technical arts which is attested by many novelties particularly in architecture which had to depict and represent the strength of the Empire.Therefore their builders had to find solution which surpassed everything known until that point.This magnificent civilization received heavy blow during the Great Migration period from the 5th to 8th centuries.In the turmoil of raids of new "barbaric" nations torch of Greco-Roman culture and science was almost extinguished.Schools disappeared after the collapse of organized state administration.New Europe which was born with the Frankish Empire was forced to start everything anew.At the beginning it searched for a model in antiquity, but gradually many novelties were introduced, particularly in the field of technical solutions.People started to pay same attention to physical labour as to humanistic (intellectual) disciplines which changed society profoundly alongside using new sources of energy.Many of these inventions were accepted from other, particularly eastern populations -Arabs, Persians, Indians and Chinese.But the Europeans knew how to recognize, accept and develop these things making them civilizational heritage of all others.Development of technical culture was accompanied by development of schooling enriched with new school disciplines which led to founding of universities in the 12th and 13th centuries as an original European invention no other civilization knew of.Owing to universities Europe finally left its inherited stagnancy starting to take the leading role in the world of science and technics.
Parent work: DAAAM International Scientific Book 2013
Author: S. Krasic
Institution: University of Dubrovnik
Language: English
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SDG: Quality education
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W2484902660