The Microbiome and Immune Regulation After Transplantation
Year: 2016
Type: review
Abstract: In Brief The trillions of microorganisms inhabiting human mucosal surfaces participate intricately in local homeostatic processes as well as development and function of the host immune system. These microorganisms, collectively referred to as the “microbiome,” play a vital role in modulating the balance between clearance of pathogenic organisms and tolerance of commensal cells, including but not limited to human allografts. Advances in immunology, gnotobiotics, and culture-independent molecular techniques have provided growing insights into the complex relationship between the microbiome and the host, how it is modified by variables such as immunosuppressive and antimicrobial drugs, and its potential impact on posttransplantation outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of fundamental principles, recent discoveries, and clinical implications of this promising field of research. The content and function of the human microbiome can be affected by chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive drugs and ischemia reperfusion, along with surgical intervention and allorecognition. The dysregulated microbiome is associated with increased rates of rejection and inferior outcomes in both solid organ transplantation and graft-versus-host disease, while normalization mediates protection.
Source: Transplantation
Authors: James H. Tabibian, Saad S. Kenderian
Language: English
Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funder: National Cancer Institute
OpenAlex ID: W2507217936