Investigating the Role of Cytoskeleton and the Primary Cilia in Osteogenic Differentiation.
Year: 2014
Type: article
Abstract: Investigating the Role of Cytoskeleton and the Primary Cilia in Osteogenic Differentiation. (Under the direction of Elizabeth G. Loboa).Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) exhibit multilineage differentiation potential with lineage specification that is dictated by both the chemical and mechanical stimuli to which they are exposed.These cells show great potential for use in bone tissue engineering and other regenerative medicine applications.In the similar cell type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), chemically induced differentiation has been shown to change the cytoskeletal properties.The cytoskeleton is known to play a large role in mechanotransduction and a growing number of studies are showing that it can also contribute to MSC differentiation.We analyzed the significant contribution of actin and integrin distribution, and the smaller role of microtubules, in regulating MSC fate.Osteogenic differentiation is more prevalent in MSC with a stiff, spread actin cytoskeleton and greater numbers of focal adhesions.Both adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation are encouraged when MSC have a spherical morphology associated with a dispersed actin cytoskeleton with few focal adhesions.Different mechanical stimuli can be implemented to alter these cytoskeletal patterns and encourage MSC differentiation to the desired lineage.Tensile strain has been shown to induce osteogenic differentiation in hASC.Knockdown of primary cilia proteins has been shown to diminish osteogenic differentiation in hASC.Therefore, the first study in this paper focused on a finite element model of a primary cilium undergoing three dimensional tensile strain.This study used finite element analysis (FEA) to determine strains occurring within the ciliary membrane in response to
Author: Pattie S. Mathieu
Language: English
Subfield: Cell Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W2519642076