Year: 2016
Type: review
Abstract: It is generally acknowledged that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in a variety of natural processes in cells. If increased to levels which cannot be neutralized by the defense mechanisms, they damage biological molecules, alter their functions, and also act as signaling molecules thus generating a spectrum of pathologies. In this review, we summarize current data on oxidative stress markers associated with human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1) infection, analyze mechanisms by which this virus triggers massive ROS production, and describe the status of various defense mechanisms of the infected host cell. In addition, we have scrutinized scarce data on the effect of ROS on HIV‐1 replication. Finally, we present current state of knowledge on the redox alterations as crucial factors of HIV‐1 pathogenicity, such as neurotoxicity and dementia, exhaustion of CD4 + /CD8 + T‐cells, predisposition to lung infections, and certain side effects of the antiretroviral therapy, and compare them to the pathologies associated with the nitrosative stress.
DOI: 10.1155/2016/8910396
Institutions: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Karolinska Institutet, Gamalei Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Riga Stradiņš University
Language: English
Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $2,680
OpenAlex ID: W2531573051