Year: 2016
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background. Hospital-acquired infections can be associated with significant morbidity. We describe the prevalence and epidemiology of hospital-acquired (HA) influenza. Methods. Patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza and enrolled in the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) during 2011–2015 with testing and symptom onset dates were included. Influenza testing was performed at the discretion of clinicians. HA influenza was defined as a test date and respiratory symptom onset >3 days after admission. We estimated the prevalence of HA influenza and described demographic and clinical characteristics of HA influenza patients. Results. Among 41,974 patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza, 463 (1%) had HA influenza. The proportion of HA cases did not vary by season. Among the 463 HA cases, 46 (10%) were children (0–17 years) and 417 (90%) were adults. The median time between admission and test date was 7 days (IQR 5–14). Thirty-one (7%) HA cases were transferred from another hospital and 66 (14%) were admitted from a nursing or long-term care facility. Four-hundred nineteen (91%) HA cases had at least one underlying medical condition. Among 459 HA cases with available data on underlying conditions, 206 (45%) had cardiovascular disease, 111 (24%) had a neurologic or neuromuscular disorder, 110 (24%) were immunocompromised, 111 (24%) had renal disease, 74 (16%) had asthma or chronic lung disease, and 81 (18%) were obese. Influenza antiviral treatment was received by 383 (83%) of HA cases. The median length of stay after influenza diagnosis was 6 days (IQR 3–13). Of 463 HA cases, 126 (27%) were in the intensive care unit (ICU) before HA influenza diagnosis, 22 (5%) were admitted to the ICU on or after date of HA influenza diagnosis and 36 (8%) died. Conclusion. HA influenza represented 1% of patients in our hospital surveillance over 4 influenza seasons. Since testing was clinician-driven, prevalence may have been under-detected if influenza was not suspected and tested. Influenza vaccination in healthcare workers and family members of high-risk persons, good hospital infection control [to prevent transmission from other patients], and limiting ill persons from visiting or working in hospitals should be encouraged. Disclosures. All authors: No reported disclosures.
Source: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Authors: Charisse Nitura Cummings, Shikha Garg, Eileen Katherine Nenninger, Pam Daily Kirley, Nisha Alden, Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, Evan J. Anderson, Maya Monroe, Seth Eckel, Ruth Lynfield, Marisa Bargsten, Shelley M. Zansky, Nancy M. Bennett, Lilith Tatham, Ann Thomas, Mary Lou Lindegren, Gregg M. Reed, Monica Schroeder, Alicia M. Fry
Institutions: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, University of Virginia, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Yale University, Emory University, Maryland Department of Health, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Minnesota Department of Health, New Mexico Department of Health, New York State Department of Health, University of Rochester Medicine, University of Rochester, Ohio Department of Health, Vanderbilt University, Utah Department of Health, Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,053
OpenAlex ID: W2551680253