Work

Metabolic, inflammatory, and microvascular determinants of white matter disease and cognitive decline.

Year: 2016

Type: review

Abstract: White Matter Disease is increasingly being recognized as an important cause of cognitive decline and dementia. Various investigations have linked chronic diet-related conditions to the development of white matter lesions, which appear as white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain. Thus, it can be postulated that the metabolic, inflammatory, and microvascular changes accompanying a western diet, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus type II (DMII) are potential mediators in the development and progression of white matter disease, which in turn contributes to the development and progression of cognitive decline. This review will examine evidence for potential metabolic, inflammatory, and microvascular determinants of white matter disease and cognitive decline. Specifically, we will focus on the effects of altered insulin signaling in diabetes, obesity-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, arterial stiffness due to hypertension, ischemia secondary to cerebral small vessel disease, and blood brain barrier disturbances.

Source: PubMed

Authors: Maggie Wang, Jennifer E Norman, Vivek J Srinivasan, John C Rutledge

Institution: University of California, Davis

Language: English

Topic: Cerebrovascular and genetic disorders

Subfield: Neurology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: green

Funders: National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging

Awards: UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Imaging Neuronal and Capillary Dysfunction Deep in the Rodent Brain in vivo Using 1700 NM Optical Coherence Microscopy and Tracer-Based Kinetics, Role of lipid droplets in neurovascular inflammation