Cyanide and Hydrogen Sulfide: a review of two blood gases, their environmental sources, and potential risks
Year: 2017
Type: article
Abstract: The uncontrolled releases of blood gases have been to blame for historic public health catastrophes, but they also play vital roles in modern day industrial processes and within the body. Cyanide, specifically hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are two such blood gases of interest. Accurate assessments of the risks each pose are essential to capitalizing on their positive contributions to society and preventing further incidents. While these two compounds have been studied for many years, new research is shedding light on their potential sources, emission rates, risks, and antidotal mechanisms; emerging science centered on the endogenous role of H2S has enthused many researchers regarding the potential application of this blood gas in preventing or treating maladies, yet caution must be exercised in such endeavors as we still do not fully understand the mechanisms by which H2S is toxic to humans. Recent studies have pointed to the risk of exposure to elevated levels of cyanide in foods, but also from anthropogenic sources such as fire smoke, marijuana smoke, and releases from mining sites. This study reviews recent literature surrounding H2S and cyanide sources and human health effects, including discussions on their sources, emission rates, and mechanisms of toxicity, in order to better understand their public health significance. Finally, recommendations for better management of these two blood gases to reduce risk are presented, including remarks on systematic air monitoring and antidote needs, public health preparedness considerations, and the potential risks that hydrogen sulfide and cyanide pose on a global scale.
Author: Samantha L. Malone Rubright
Language: English
Topic: Cassava research and cyanide
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W2602453144