Year: 1984
Type: article
Abstract: The praatnt study investigated whether aood influences the way in which people aake judgments and recognise inforaation.In this study, three aajor theoretical interpretations were exaalned; Accessibility theory (Bower, 19B1; Isen, Sha l k e r , Clark, A Karp, 1978) proposes that aood acts to sake aood-relevant cognitions aore available to an individual, Attribution Theory (Johnson A Tversky, 1983; Kelley, 1973) proposes that aood affects judgaent through a process of alsattrlbutlon of the aood state, and the International Functions Hypothesis (Schwara A Clore, 1983*, Hyer A Car Is ton, 1979) postulates that people use their aoods as inforaation when asking Judgaents.Hypnotic volunteers were Induced into positive and negative aoods and were then instructed to sake Judgaents concerning positive, neutral, and negative characters presented in short descriptions* Volunteers also coapleted recognition tests for statements froa these character stories which were designed to evaluate whether volunteers' alsrecognitions night be biased according to their aood state.Results of the Judgaent aeasures favored the inforaatlonal view as generalized effects of aood on Judgaent were found regardless of whether the theaatic or evaluative nature of the aood was congruent to the object of Judgaent.Results o f the recognition tests were best explained In attributlonal terns as aood seeaed to bias recognition aeaory for negative aood volunteers concerning aood-relevant story characters.A lack of a siailar effect for the positive aood condition is discussed in the franework of the directive effects of aood states (Wyer A CarIston, 1979).* with ioods or emotions, represents a theoretical framework within which moods and emotions nay ha treated.Higgins at al. unobtrusively axpoaad volunteers to parsonality trait teras and t h a n f in a supposedly unralatad study, tha saaa voluntaars wars askad to characterise and evaluate a parson presented to thea in an aabiguous story.Higgins at al. hypothesised that prior exposure to tha trait taras would activate or prise those trait-related categories in memory asking thea aore accessible and, that-fore, Increase the likelihood that the volunteers characterise and evaluate the stiaulus person in teras o f tha activated categories.Obtained results reliably supported this accessibility hypothesis.Higgins et al. suggested that there is a direct seaantlc relation between soae aspect of the prlaed category and tha stiaulus lnforaatlon.Currently, doses o f affect have bean injected into proainent aeaory theories and the proposals of prising and increased accessibility o f aaterial In aeaory have becoae central to the explanation of the effects of soods and eaotions for aany theorists (Bower, 1981; lean et al., 1978).After studying the effects of aoods or feeling states (prlaarily positive) on Judgaents and behavior, Isen et al. (1978) proposed that being in a positive aood state prlaes positive sood-related aaterial in aeaory.This prlaed aaterial becomes sore accessible and thus aore likely to be retrieved.Isen et al. further proposed that a "cognitive loop" is created as the accessed positive thoughts tend to keep an individual thinking about positive things.Thus, isen et al. suggest that a nood-inducing event cues other a affectively similar aaterial in aeaory in much the sane way that trait words were found to cue aaterial structions: For each number, plea.secheck which of Che sentences appeared the story you read.Check on'v one alternative for each number.RECOGNITION TEST -JOHN Ins true tions: For each number, please check which of the sentences appeared in the story you read.Check only one alternative for each number.
Author: Mark Lawrence Robbins
Language: English
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W2607177824