Depression and Anxiety and Their Correlates in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Al-Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia
Year: 2017
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background: The aim of the study was to study the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with type one and two diabetes mellitus and their correlation with specific socio-demographic and clinical factors. Methods: 428 diabetic patients participated in the present cross-sectional study. Their demographic and clinical parameters were collected. The self-administered questionnaire HADS was used to determine level of depression and anxiety. Results: We found that 22.4% of the sample experienced significant depressive symptoms and 28.5% experienced significant anxiety symptoms. It was found that: Not practicing sports (p = 0.002), smoking (p = 0.005), having lower level of education (p = 0.006) and insulin treatment (p = 0.013) were significantly associated with depression. On the other hand, female gender (p = 0.017), smoking (p = 0.007) and being unmarried (p = 0.036) were significantly associated with anxiety. Correlation showed that depression was significantly associated with BMI (p = 0.003) and age of the patients (p = 0.004). It was found that both anxiety and depression positively correlated significantly with duration of diabetes (p ≤ 0.001). Neither depression nor anxiety was associated with HBA1c levels or with mean blood pressure. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety symptoms were high among patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus. Depression was strongly related to age, lower level of education, smoking, not practicing sports, duration of diabetes, insulin treatment and BMI. Anxiety was strongly related to female gender, smoking, duration of diabetes and being unmarried.
Language: English
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W2607842087