La revolución en ingeniería genética: sistema CRISPR/Cas
Year: 2016
Type: article
Abstract: CRISPRs (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat), along with the Cas endonuclease, form the CRISPR/Cas system. The system was discovered as a defense mechanism in bacteria and archaea, in which DNA from a pathogen —such as a bacteriophage— is incorporated between repeated palindromic sequences and later transcribed into an RNA known as crRNA. In a second infection, the crRNA coupled with Cas matches the pathogen’s transcript sequence and Cas silences or degrades the mRNA in a similar mechanism as a silencing RNA (siRNA). Due to its endonuclease activity and its ability to recognize specific sequences, the CRISPR/Cas system has been used in genetic engineering to activate or repress genes, to induce point mutations, and to alter sequences through homologous recombination. CRISPR has also been used to establish accurate models of human disease in mice and to evaluate cellular physiology through the simultaneous activation or repression of various genes. In this review article, we include the mechanism of action of the CRISPR/Cas system, its potential applications in cell and gene therapy, and future perspectives. * Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de Mexico. ‡ Universidad de Oxford, Departamento de Medicina Nuffield, Centro de Fisiologia Celular y Molecular. Oxford, Reino Unido. Direccion para correspondencia: Dr. en C. Rodrigo Balam Munoz Soto Departamento de Bi otecnologia, Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de Mexico. Calle del Puente Num. 222, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Deleg. Tlalpan, 14380, Mexico, D.F., Mexico. Tel: (+5255) 5483 2020, ext. 1304 E-mail: [email protected] Recibido: 1 de octubre de 2015. Aceptado: 31 de marzo de 2016. Este articulo puede ser consultado en version completa en: http://www.medigraphic.com/rid Palabras clave: CRISPR/ Cas, terapia genica, biologia molecular, expresion genica, enfermedad degenerativa.
Source: Investigación en Discapacidad
Institution: Tecnológico de Monterrey
Language: Spanish
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W2514579343